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Category Archives: copper biochemistry
Cu(II) and Adenosylhomocyteinase
Adenosyl homocyteinase is a methyl group transferring enzyme that is inhabited by copper in the +2 oxidation state. We were trying to better understand the process of gene silencing by methylation, see below. In the process we discovered the mechanism of how +2 oxidation state copper might be bad for our hearts.
Phtalates heavy metals pregnancy
Copper is a heavy metal and is needed for myelin development. [1-3] Surely too much of a good thing is bad. Often other heavy metals follow copper. A study out of Rhode Island USA correlated neurological health with placental heavy metal concentration. [4] A study out of Taiwan looked at heavy metals and phtalates in the urine of pregnant mothers. [5] Both studies correlated heavy metals with mental functioning of the children. Phtalates are used in the production of plastics. When an expecting mother has concerns about heavy metals in the town’s water supply she drinks more bottled water right? This post makes a weak attempt to explain the statistics used in the Rhode Island and Taiwan studies. The take home is that prenatal copper is likely a good thing. Phthalates are probably bad. You really need to discuss the issue with someone licensed to practice medicine.
Cu(II) and advanced glycation end products
This is an extremely technical post explaining how Copper Two can promote glycation of albumin, an important serum protein. This goes with our story that Copper Two is “toxic copper”
cancer cell negative charge
This journey started with a request to look up the charge on different types of cancer cells. This request may have started with a layperson’s understanding of chemistry and charge. Donglu Shi of the University of Cincinnati postulated that the folic acid receptor might be a common tumor cell target whose charge may change when confronted with excess lactic acid [1] from glycolysis not coupled to the TCA cycle and electron transport chain, aka the Warburg Effect. We will conclude that micro domains of the folic acid receptor is where CopperOne might work its therapeutic effects.
Copper and rat skin
This post examines the rat experiments in this paper that seems to have made a CopperTwo version of CopperOne and is claiming that CopperTwo has skin healing properties. The first two posts in this series summarizes the production protocol and chemical characterization followed by some fibroblast and endothelial cell culture studies. The rat studies might have been meant to “bring home the gold.” Sadly, much of the histology has not been quantitated. The readers are left to decide for themselves if the changes are meaningful.
Anti-bacterial skin cream
This post is a continuation of a previous post documenting the production of an oxidized form of Cu(I)NA2. The results show promise that Cu + nicotinic acid can promote angiogenesis in a cell culture model, especially if basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is added. We think Cu(I)NA2 will work even better than Cu(II)NA
Cuproptosis part 2
This post is a continuation of a previous post covering a hot paper saying that Cu binding to DLAD, a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex enzyme, causes a regulated form of cell death. The Chinese are very interested in exploiting this “regulated cell death” to treat renal cancers. They explored U.S.renal cancer databases to determine if these cuproptosis proteins correlate with renal cancer prognosis. They found that these cuproptosis proteins are associated with favorable prognoses. Each time a protein is mentioned that has something to do with Cu(II), pyruvate, or lipoic acid, a ❶ will appear in the text.
Cuproptosis
A lipoic acid binding component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, DLAT, binds Cu2+ and causes the oligomerization of the DLAT subunit in such a way as to cause “regulated cell death.” There is a lot of controversy and talk as to which enzyme is most important in this new version of RCD.
Oleuropein
We at CopperOne have been telling customers to add cuprous niacin to an oil to keep it in the +1 oxidation state. Why not olive oil? Oleuropein is “the most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antihypertensive agent, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer, an antioxidant and a nutraceutical.”